NR Nicotinamide Riboside: Effective Antivitamin Supplement or Hype?
For the moisturizing effect, there are three main types of ingredients in plants: polysaccharides, phenols, and vegetable oils. Water-soluble ingredients such as polysaccharides and glycosides have sugar groups in their structures, which exhibit good hydration, absorb water and retain moisture through hydrogen bonding. The phenolic hydroxyl structures in flavonoids and polyphenols also bind water through hydrogen bonds, giving them the ability to absorb and retain water. Vegetable oils primarily work by forming a thin layer of oil on the skin to retain moisture and prevent it from drying out.
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In the specific production process, the effects of plant extracts also depend on their extraction parts, extraction processes, etc. The extraction products obtained through different parts and processes may be hugely different. For example, in one study (Vieira et al., 2020), walnut leaves were extracted using alkanediol and glycerol, respectively, and the results showed that extracts prepared using 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol had the highest functional activity. However, there are currently no regulations requiring plant extract products to declare functional ingredients and precise contents. Therefore, this has also become a means for some well-known raw material manufacturers or cosmetics companies to protect technical secrets. Even if competitors know the source of the plants, it is difficult to produce products with exactly the same efficacy. product.